Brahmotsavams 2024 – The Festival Performed by Lord Brahma

Srivari Brahmotsavams 2024

The celebration of Srivari Brahmotsavams is the grandest spectacle of the year. Hundreds of thousands congregate at Tirumala to have the grand darshan of Lord Venkateswara as He moves around the streets on a different mount each morning and evening for nine days.

Filled with excitement and devotion, the atmosphere is charged. These days, even those who cannot participate in person can participate virtually because of television and live streaming on the TTD SVBC channel and other websites and the sharing of photos and videos on social media.

CHANDRA PRABHA VAHANAM
Chandra Prabha Vahana Seva

Celebration of festivals has been part of the culture of the temple at Tirumala since ancient times. For example, there is a reference in the Ahananooru, one of the eight anthologies (ettuthokai) of the Sangam Tamil literature to ‘Vengadam, prosperous because of the festivals celebrated there.’

The earliest epigraphic references can be traced back to 966 CE citing the endowments made by the Pallava queen Samavai, and subsequently others such as the Telugu Pallava king Vijaya Ganda Gopala Deva, Tribhuvana Chakravarthi Tiruvenkatanatha Yadava Rayalu and Veera Prathapa Rayalu to organize the Brahmotsavams to the Lord at Tirumala.

But why the name ‘Brahmotsavam’, Brahma’s festival?

Srivari Brahmotsavams 2024 – will be celebrated between 4th October and 12th October 2024.

Venkataachala Maahatmyam – Bok

In his book, ‘Venkataachala Maahatmyam’, Paravastu Venkata Ramanuja Swamy cites the Varaha Purana explaining the origin of the Brahmotsavam. Many eons ago, sages and yogis were being harassed by ‘asuras,’ especially Ravana. They went to Vaikunta in search of Mahavishnu, the only one who could save them. ‘He is visiting the earth’, said a dweller of Vaikunta. So, they made their way to the earth.

On the way, they met the sage Narada and he suggested that they all go and ask Lord Brahma for a solution. They prostrated before Lord Brahma and prayed for his help. Lord Brahma narrated the story of how Ravana’s power was built through penance and that he could be killed only by a non-human. The only solution was to seek the help of Lord Mahavishnu. But where is he on earth? Lord Brahma opined that Lord Vishnu was at that time believed to be in Venkatadri, because it was after the Varaha ‘avatara’ and it was ‘Varaha kshetram‘.

Sri Varaha Swami - AdiVarahaKshetram
Sri Varaha Swami – AdiVarahaKshetram

Now, all the sages along with Lord Brahma trudged to Seshachalam. They searched here and there but could not find Lord Vishnu. Led by Lord Brahma, they performed penance. Meanwhile, the king Dasaratha who had no sons was advised by the sage Vasistha to head to Venkatadri. Bathing in the sacred waters and washing off his sins, he wandered around and saw many rishis immersed in the worship of Lord Vishnu.

Amidst them was Lord Brahma on a tiger skin, His four faces glowing brilliantly as He meditated on Lord Srinivasa. Vasistha initiated Dasaratha with the ‘Venkatesa Ashtakshari Mantra’ and Dasaratha devotedly chanted. Lord Mahavishnu would not deny His beloved devotee a glimpse!

There was a blinding flash of light and suddenly they all found themselves in the abode of Lord Mahavishnu! Ecstatic at this rare divine vision, everyone eulogized the Lord. Pleased with their prayers, Lord Srinivasa asked them what their problem was. Lord Brahma, the sages like Agastya and Sanaka, and Dasaratha explained their difficulties to Him. The Lord smiled and said that He would solve all their problems. Full of relief and happiness, the sages and others left. But Lord Brahma stayed behind.

Seeing him, Lord Srinivasa asked how he could help. Lord Brahma explained that it went to His heart that the Lord was not visible to the people. In Kaliyuga, people couldn’t do penance to be able to see the Lord. It was important for the Lord to take care of His people as otherwise they would be condemned to Hell. Lord Brahma requested Lord Mahavishnu as Lord Srinivasa to stay back in Venkatadri in His physical form for all to see. And the Lord agreed that He would stay here in Venkatachala till the end of this ‘Kalpa’ along with His consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi.

Lord Brahma still stood there. Then Lord Vishnu asked Lord Brahma about his wish. To this, Lord Brahma replied that He wanted to celebrate Lord Srinivasa’s glory by hoisting His ‘dwaja’ or flag and holding a festival. The Lord agreed to this also. This happened on the day of Shravana star in Kanya Month. Since Lord Brahma Himself conducted ‘utsavas’ for nine days ending on the day of the Lord’s self-manifestation, this event is known as ‘Brahmotsavams’.

Just as Lord Brahma invited all the gods, demi-Gods and others to participate in the festival, before the auspicious ‘dwajaarohana’, the ‘utsava murthis’ along with the ‘parivar’ (family) deities are taken around the four Mada streets in procession. Garuda flying high invites everyone to participate.

Let’s take part in the grand divine festival and obtain the graceful blessings of Lord Srinivasa!

Brahmotsavams 2024 - The Festival Performed by Lord Brahma

 

Brahma Ratham

To this day, in commemoration to Brahmotsavam, a small empty chariot known as the ‘Brahma Ratham’ goes before the daily procession of the ‘utsava murties’ (processional deities) twice on the Brahmotsavam days.

Divine Verses (4000) During Brahmotsavams at Tirumala

4000 Divine Verses

Srivari Brahmotsavams

Srivari Brahmotsavams of this year will be celebrated between 4th October and 12th October 2024.

The holy Thiru Vengadam Hills, perhaps the most famous place of pilgrimage, always carries a festive atmosphere with the crowds pouring in from all parts of the world and this vast land of ours.

To many who come from faraway places, this pilgrimage is a sacred duty to be undertaken at least once in a lifetime. For many others, Lord Srinivasa is the family deity and the trek up the hills has to be done to mark occasions like marriages, the birth of children, and the fulfilment of prayers. Other groups make it to the hills during the Tamil month ‘Purattasi’ (September-October) with utmost devotion.

Punnami Garuda Seva - Tirumala

The Saturdays of this month are considered to be very sacred. The pilgrims light lamps at the base of the hills and worship the hills. This crowd swells to a lakh and more during the annual Brahmotsavams!

The structure of the temple and the narrow interiors allow only a split-second darshan of the main deity to the devotees, though the sanctum sanctorum remains open and the Lord gives His grand ‘darshan’ through the day and night with a break of hardly an hour or so. This is of course a very special moment to be cherished, but most of the devout pilgrims come out longing for more.

Most console themselves saying, “What if I can’t see the Lord for long? He surely saw me and will shower His immense blessings on me! He has come from His celestial abode and is standing here to see us”.

Ashtadikpalakas and their role in Brahmotsavams - Heading

The unfulfilled desire in the hearts of all pilgrims is satisfied by the grand Brahmotsavams conducted in the holy month of Purattasi when the Lord incarnated on the hills in Sravanam asterism. The Utsavam brings the processional deity, Malayappa Swami, with His divine consorts from the temple into the broad Mada streets in various floats twice every day in the morning and the evening.

Thousands of devotees who can sit on the stands have a glorious darshan and give their humble offerings to the Lord. The SVBC channel of the TTD brings the entire festive ambience into our homes through their live telecast. Millions can watch the hoisting of the flag at the Dwaja Sthambha, the Agama rituals, the Vahana Sevas, and the salubrious environment of the hills and get a complete experience. Many elderly devotees used to stick to the television all nine days and feel blessed by the Lord.

The most important part of the Vahana Seva is the chanting of the Vedas in Tamil (the 4000 divine verses of the Alwar saints) leading the procession which is headed by the Jeeyar swamies in Tirumala. This demonstrates that the Lord of Thiru Vengadam is the Supreme Almighty who has been praised by both the Vedas. It is heartwarming to see the very large number of scholars taking part in this service. The role of the educational institutions run by the TTD for nurturing the Vedic, Prabhandha and Agama studies is highly commendable.

Four thousand verses are chanted

In the course of the nine days of the Brahmotsavams, the entire four thousand verses are chanted. On the very first day when the Malayappa Swami ascends the Big Sesha Vahanam flanked by His consorts Sri Devi and Bhu Devi, the Mudal Thiruvandadhi of Poigai Piran is chanted. This Alwar’s birth asterism was on the sacred Thiruvonam star which also is the ‘Aavathara Thirunakshatram of Lord Srinivasa.

Divya Prabandha Ghoshti - Tirumala
Divya Prabandha Ghoshti – Tirumala

Iyarppa Perumal

Poigai Alwar has sung about many Divya Deshas but the Seven Hills of Tirumala are very special to him and the Alwar’s magical verses on the ‘kshetra’ are very special to the Lord. At Tirumala, the chanting of Nalayira Divya Prabhandam is always started with Poigai Alwar’s Mudal Thiruvandadhi verses followed by the entire “Iyarpa” on subsequent Vahanas.

The Lord of the Seven Hills is fondly called ‘Iyarppa Perumal’.

Iyarpa is the last thousand verses of the Nalayira Divya Prabhandham and consists of Poigai Alwar’s Mudal Thiruvandadhi, Bhoodath Alwar’s Irandam Thiruvandadhi, Pei Alwar’s Moondram Thiruvandadhi, Thirumazhisai Alwar’s Nanmugan Thiruvandadhi, Nammalwar’s Thiruviruttam, Periya Thiruvandadhi and so on.

On the day of Garuda Vahanam the Lord listens to the rendering of Nammalwar’s glorious Thiruviruttam wherein the Alwar describes the glory of the Thiru Vengadam Hills in numerous verses.

In many Srivaishnava ‘kshetras’, the chanting of Divya Prabhandham begins with mundane desires, men of wisdom, great souls like the Alwar saints who blessed the Lord with their powerful words of ‘mangalasasanam’ and the residents of the celestial land too.

In verse 37 of the same Prabhandham, Poigai Alwar describes an enchanting scene that unfolds before him. Streams of Vedic Scholars converging on the hills from all directions hurrying towards the temple are observed by the Alwar. These enlightened souls are carrying lamps, incense, pure water, and fresh flowers for the worship of the Lord.

Swami Periyavachan Pillai in his commentary on this verse observes that the depiction of the Alwar seems to convey that there is a big festival, most probably the Brahmotsavams being conducted in the temple.

The Mangalasasanam of the Alwar was conferred on the ‘kshetra’, the Lord of the Seven Hills, the devotees and the ‘utsavam’ too!

THANEERAMUDU-FESTIVAL-TIRUMALA-NAMBI-TEMPLE

Today, as we watch the ceremonial commencement of the Divya Prabhandham recital during the Brahmotsavam in the South Mada Veedhi near the shrine of ‘Tirumalai Nambi’, a deep conviction arises in the heart that it is the benedictory power of the Alwar’s verses that has blessed Lord Venkatesa.

It has made him the Supreme Deity of Kaliyuga and the Seven Hills a replica of the celestial land (Bhooloka Vaikuntam) on the earth. It has ensured that the flow of the faithful will always increase and the Lord’s grace will flow towards all of them at all times. The Vedas and the devout devotees who abide by it will be protected by His abundant grace!

Tirupati Balaji – Navaratri Brahmotsavams

Tirumala Sri Vari – Navaratri Brahmotsavams

The divine name, “Venkateswara” means the Supreme Lord who removes sins, and blesses us with Nectar, Energy, Prosperity & Wealth. Lord Venkateswara is considered the “Kali-Yuga Varada”, that is ‘the boon-granting Lord of “Kali- Yuga”.

It is believed that Lord Sri Venkateswara enjoys Utsavams-(according to scriptures the Lord is “Utsava Priya” (fond of festivals)) the most important and significant fete celebrated annually is the Brahmotsavam. It is said that people, who have the good fortune of seeing the divine appearance of Lord Srinivasa even for a moment, attain salvation.

Tirumala Temple

It is believed that by having a darshan of the Lord, one gets instantly energized by the deity, and receives blessings. The darshan of swami or a ritual is said to positively invoke the insight that can be life-changing.

Can obtain blessings

When devotees cannot travel from their places to Tirumala, they can visualise the Lord through the live telecast of the SVBC channel. Sacred utsavams/ rituals, even by watching indirectly also give us happiness and also invigorate our subtle body with mental strength and momentum.

The dictum ‘Aathmaanam Vidhadhi’ (get to know the soul) can be achieved even through sincere indirect darshan of the Lord. This will lead us to achieve logical thinking and understanding of the underlying science and deeper meaning of festivals. Sincere participation in these even remotely will help all obtain the blessings of the Lord and a joyous atmosphere.

Adhikamaasam

Srivari Brahmotsavams is also known as Saalakatla Brahmotsavams and Navaratri Brahmotsavams. Whenever Adhikamaasam (intercalary month in the lunar calendar) occurs, it is a tradition at Tirumala temple to hold the Brahmotsavam festival twice that year.

  • First one is called Saalakatla Brahmotsavam (Annual Brahmotsavam).
  • The Second, Navaratri Brahmotsavam, is held again for nine days during Navarathri.

The difference between the two Brahmotsavams

Whenever two Brahmotsavams (Saalakatla Brahmotsavams and Navaratri Brahmotsavams) are held, the significant feature is that only once the Dhwajarohanaavarohana rituals are held – that is, during the first one. While the Saalakatla includes an event called Rathotsavam, there are a few more differences between the two Brahmotsavams.

During Salakatla Brahmotsavam, Golden Chariot (Swarna Rathotsavam) will be held, whereas during Navaratri Brahmotsavams, Pushpa Pallaki-chariot Vimana Seva will be held.

Navaratri Brahmotsavams starts with…

One day before the commencement of Brahmotsavam, rituals named Ankurarpana and Senadhipathi Utsavams are performed. Ankurarpana means making a beginning or making a Sankalpa.

Processional Utsavams Granting DIVINE Darshan

Peddasesha Vahanam

The seven hoods of the Serpent God are said to represent the seven hills of Lord Venkateswara. Tirumala Hills, the abode of Lord Venkateswara is said to be the manifestation of Lord AadiSesha. That is why it is also called as ‘Seshachala’.

Peddasesha Vahanam - Navaratri Brahmotsavams

It is said that the Lord bestowed on AadiSesha the honour of being His first Vahanam during the utsavam in appreciation of his services to Him.

Chinna-Sesha-Vahanam

The Lord is taken out in a procession in the golden five-headed ChinnaSesha Vahanam -believed to be the serpent God Vasuki as His vehicle. Vasuki is the Serpent God (one of the 8 great Naga Kingsalso one of the protagonists of the Ksheera Saagara Madhanam (the churning of the ocean).

In Bhagavad Gita Lord Sri Krishna says that; SarpaanaamAsmiVasukih. (10.28) – (Of serpents I am Vasuki, the chief.)

Hamsa Vahanam

The procession of the Lord is on Hamsa (Swan) Vahanam and in the attire of Goddess Saraswathi, the presiding deity of Vidya (learning) holding the celestial Veena in the hands. By riding on Hamsa Vahanam, Lord Venkateswara is showing that He is the Supreme God of Learning and guides mankind to lead a sanctified life bestowing on it the discriminatory wisdom to shed bad qualities and retain noble virtues.

Hamsa Vahanam - Tirupati Balaji - Navaratri Brahmotsavams

Simha Vahanam

Lord assumed the form of half man and half lion in His Narasimha Avathara. Lord Sri Krishna says in the Bhagavad Gita “He is the Lion among the animals.” Mrugaanaam cha Mrugendroaham- Know me to be the lion amongst animals” (10.30).

Through this avatar, the Lord points out that He is the God of Gods; protector at the time of need – and to make true the words of Prahlada that God is in existence everywhere.

Muthyapu Pandiri Vahanam - Tirupati Balaji - Navaratri Brahmotsavams
Muthyapu Pandiri Vahanam – Tirupati Balaji – Navaratri Brahmotsavams

Muthyapu Pandiri Vahanam

Sri Devi and Bhu Devi with Lord Malayappa Swami in the Muthyapu Pandiri Vahanam — a pandal-shaped palanquin decorated with a canopy of expensive and resplendent milky white pearls — pearls are said to be a symbol of purity and royalty. Through this alankaaram, Swami spreads the message of peace, love and coexistence in society.

Kalpavruksha Vahanam

KalpaVruksha is the divine tree of life that provides the fulfilment of wishes and other material gains of the devout. Swami bestows boons and fortunes to His devotees fulfilling their righteous wishes on this Vahanam.

Sarva BhoopalaVahanam

Through this Lord spreads the message that all the Dikpalakas (guardians of the eight cardinal directions) governing the universe are under His direct control and vigilance. All living beings sustain and prosper only when nature is bountiful without any ‘Ativrishti’ (excessive rain) and ‘anavrishti’ (scanty rain).

Mohini Avataram

Lord dressed in exquisite attractive female attire in an exquisitely decorated ivory palanquin with a golden parrot in the right hand and a long mangala sutra made of gems and diamonds in the other. This form represents the Mohini Avatharam.

DAY 5_ MOHINI AVATHARAM - Tirupati Balaji - Navaratri Brahmotsavams

The lesson He teaches is that of the drastic and dramatic consequences of losing one’s conscious awareness. Humans should always show Chaturatha for good purposes only.

Garuda Vahanam

This procession is considered by many to be the most auspicious of all the events in Brahmotsavam. In Srimad Bhagawad Gita Lord Sri Krishna says that, He is Garuda among the birds(Vainatheyatcha Pakshinaam). Garuda is prominently eulogized in Puranas for his knowledge, strength and power.

One of the seven hills among the Tirumala hills is named after Garuda ‘Garudaadri’.

Lord Malayappa Swamy sits alone in dignity with His feet like red lotuses in the hands of Garuda that look like a pack of nascent leaves. The Lord is adorned with antique and precious ornaments like Makara Kanti and Lakshmi Haaram adding grandeur to the procession.

Punnami Garuda Seva - Tirumala

On this day, the Lord is also adorned with Goda Devi garlands from the temple of Srivilliputtur.

Hanumantha Vahanam

The Lord grants darshan as Sri Ramachandra with Lord Hanuman as his vehicle holding a golden Bow and arrow. Lord Hanuman, undoubtedly the greatest and most ardent devotee of Lord Sri Rama, is known for his righteousness, courage, strength, valour and discriminative intelligence.

The Lord sends out the message that humans can, through the path of true devotion, complete surrender and service to God, one can purify themselves and attain immortality.

Gaja Vahanam

Among all animals engaged in the service of the Lord, the elephant occupies a special place, being the celestial vahanam of Sri Mahalakshmi. To please His consort and to bless the devotees the Lord adorns Gaja.

The vahanam and the concept behind this is a reminder to everyone that the Lord always rescues the true devotees from all sorts of risks and troubles like he did for the Gaja from the threat of Crocodile (GajendraMoksham).

Gajendra Moksha

Surya Prabha Vahanam

Lord Aaditya is described as born from the eyes of Lord Sriman Narayana (Chaksho! SuryoAjaayathah!-PurushaSooktha) – the Lord, the Creator, who has Sun as His eyes glitter brilliantly to make the Sunshine. The Lord is also referred to as Surya Narayana.

Mythology says that Sun God (Lord Surya) is the key architect of the life of humans, plants, and animals from whom powerful luminaries receive luminosity in the cosmos. Through this darsanam, Lord Venkateswara advises all to pray to Lord Surya Narayana Swami for granting sustained well-being — making life free of physical ailments.

Chandra Prabha Vahanam

Both these vahanams (Surya-Prabha-Vahanam and Chandra-Prabha-Vahanam) signify that Sriman Narayana Swami is the cause for Time -arising out of Lord Vishnu who is Kaala Swaroopa and Kaala Niyaamaka, the governing Lord of Time.

CHANDRA PRABHA VAHANAM - Tirupati Balaji - Navaratri Brahmotsavams

He is also known as Kaala Purusha (the personification of the presiding Deity of Time). The eternal fact that “Time and Tide wait for none” is reinforced by the Lord through these related processions and one should perform the prescribed duties faithfully and lead a pious life.

Ashwa Vahanam / Aswa Vahanam

The Lord takes this avatara to fight the evil in the society and protect the righteous. A horse is a symbol of abundant energy. Kalkiavataara brings forth His saying in the Bhagavad Gita” ParitraanayaSaadunamm, Vinasayaya cha Dushkritam”.

The message for mankind is clear — keep away from KaliDosha and pray to the Almighty to ward off the impact of wrongdoings.

Chakrasnana

The nine-day Navaratri Brahmotsavams concludes with the Chakrasnanam. On the ninth day morning; the last day of the Brahmotsavam, a special abhishekam known as Avabhrutha Snaanam is held for the Utsavamurthy of Lord Venkateswara and his consorts — Sri Devi and Bhu Devi.

SnapanaTirumanjanam (celestial bath) is performed to the deities followed by the immersion of the idol of Chakrathalwar.

Final Word

Along with the very well laid out religious procedures, the granting of Darshanam by swami with Ammavarlu to the devotees adds to the grandeur of the Utsavam and is a very important and divinely ordained practice.

While direct darshanam is dedicated, even sincere indirect darshanam through media, can to a very great extent, add exaltation to the process.

Article posted by – – Sri K. Vamanan Nampoothiri

Divya Prabandha Ghoshti – Tirumala Brahmotsavam

Article by – Sri Anantha Madabhooshi

Divya Prabandha Ghoshti

The annual 9-day festival originally believed to be initiated by Lord Brahma Himself aeons ago, the Tirumala Brahmotsavam, continuously gets better in execution year after year. This festival is not like any other festival held in Tirumala for Lord Malayappa Swami.

What makes this unique is the fact that this is open to all who can visit Tirumala during those nine days and that throws a huge challenge in terms of managing lakhs of devotees who throng to have a glimpse of the Lord on 15 celestial vahanas bedecked with jewels.

The other great aspect is continuation of the codified tradition established by Sri Ramanuja almost a thousand years ago on what divine songs of Alwars to be recited and when the 2 Jeeyangars or the pontiffs, who are called H H Periya Koil Kelvi Appan and H H Siriya Koil Kelvi Appan, lead the holy congregation called ‘Divya Prabandha Ghoshti‘ who could sing the Divya Prabandham, all of 4000 hymns, recalling from their memory without any written aid.

Divya Prabandha Ghoshti - Tirumala

Another striking aspect, as in other Vishnu temples also, is this Ghoshti leads the procession of the Brahmotsavam and it is established that the Lord follows this Ghoshti in an attempt to relish this Divine nectar of Divya Prabandham.

Now, let us get into the details of the recitation practice established and followed in Brahmotsavams.

Mudhal Thiruvandaadi

In the evening of the first day Lord along with His Consorts, Sridevi and Bhudevi, take the Pedda Seshavahanam. The Lord and His Consorts eagerly wait till they arrive at Tirumalai Nambi Sannidhi on South Mada street, to follow the Ghoshti. The Ghoshti begins with the first-ever Prabandham of the first Alwar called Poigai Alwar.

The jeeyangars lead the Ghoshti in reciting ‘Mudhal Thiruvandaadi‘ which has 10 hymns out of the full 100, dedicated to Lord Srinivasa. The next day morning, Lord Srinivasa, takes a small Sesha vahana, in memory of Lord Namperumal [Utsava vigraha of Sri Ranganatha of Srirangam], who stayed in Tirumala for nearly 40 years way back in the 13th century.

Goddess Padmavati Devi with Srinivasa

Irandam Thiruvandaadi

In the evening, the Lord adorns the decoration of Saraswati devi and a procession is held on Hamsa vahana. Bhoothathalwar’s ‘Irandam Thiruvandaadi‘ is recited in both the sessions.

Moondram Thiruvandaadi

Simha Vahana and Muthyapu Pandiri vahana are scheduled for 3rd day’s morning and evening sessions respectively. The Ghoshti recites the 3rd Alwar, Peyalwar’s ‘Moondram Thiruvandaadi’.

This Alwar has dedicated 19 songs in praise of Lord Srinivasa in his 100 songs.

Nanmugan Thiruvandaadi

Devotees witness Lord’s procession on Kalpaka Vruksha Vahana in the morning and Sarvabhupala Vahana in the evening session and as befitting it may for Sarvabhupala Vahana, the Ghoshti recites ‘Nanmugan Thiruvandaadi’ which establishes unequivocally the Lord’s Lordship above every other deity.

Kalpavriksha Vahanam
Kalpavriksha Vahanam

Thiruviruttam of Nammalwar

This special day paves the way for lakhs of devotees to worship Lord Malayappa in Mohini avataram in a special palanquin followed by Lord Sri Krishna beside the palanquin. Lord Krishna is given higher precedence over Lord Malayappa in Mohini avataram in offering the Harathi while this procession is going on.

In the evening Lord Malayappa rides on His primary Vahana, Garuda. Jeeyangars lead the Ghoshti by reciting the ‘Thiruviruttam of Nammalwar’.

Periya Tiruvandaadi

Lord Malayappa is decorated as Rama and He rides on the back of Hanuman in the morning and in the evening He takes Gaja vahana. ‘Periya Tiruvandaadi’ of Nammalwar is recited by the Ghoshti.

Day 6 also marks the Lord and His consorts riding an opulent Golden Chariot as part of Vasanta Utsavam in the evening before Gaja Vahanam. No recitation takes place while the Lord moves on the Golden Chariot.

Golden Chariot - Tirumala Temple
Golden Chariot – Tirumala Temple

On all these 6 days, for the rest of the distance Lord covers to return to the temple. After finishing off the respective Divya Prabandhams, the Ghoshti will recite Periyalwar’s Tiruppallandu and Periyalwar Tirumozhi also.

Periya Tirumozhi

Vedas and Puranas proclaim Lord Narayana as the one residing in the abode of Sun [Surya mandala madhyavarthi]. Lord Malayappa, who is none other than Lord Narayana Himself, takes the seat amidst the Surya Prabha in the morning and further, He traverses amidst the Chandra Prabha in the evening.

surya-prabha-vahanam - rathasaptami
Surya Prabha Vahana Seva in the morning

The morning session marks the beginning of the recitation of Tirumangai Alwar’s magnum opus, ‘Periya Tirumozhi’ by the Ghoshti. It is continued in the evening also.

Periya Tirumozhi & Nachiyar Tirumozhi

Lord Malayappa Swami accompanied by His two consorts takes a tall chariot and ‘Periya Tirumozhi’ is continued for the morning session while the chariot navigates through the streets around the temple. In the evening, Lord Malayappa rides a brisk Horse, Aswa vahana. Ghoshti recites Andal’s ‘Nachiyar Tirumozhi’ during this session.

Aswa Vahanam

Final Day

The final day coincides with Sravana star of Purattasi month. This is the avatara star of Lord Srinivasa. On this day in the morning, Churnabhishekam will be held and the Ghoshti will recite the remaining prabandhams like Perumal Tirumozhi, Tirucchandaviruttam, Tirumaalai, Amalanadhipiram.

Thereafter, the Lord with His consorts and Sudarsana Alwar are taken to Sri Varahaswami temple on the banks of Swami Pushkarini and Tirunedunthandakam of Tirumangai Alwar is recited.

After the Thirumanjanam and Chakrasnanam, Theertha prasada will be distributed to the Ghoshti. During the Tiruvaaradhana, Ghoshti recites Tiruppalliezhuchi, Tiruppavai, Tiruppalandu, Kanninunsiruththambu, Koil Tiruvoymozhi, Ramanuja Nootrandadhi and Upadesarathnamala of Swami Manavalamaamunigal.

Brahmotsavam concludes

Brahmotsavam concludes with the evening session of Dhwaja Avarohanam event which is followed by a recitation of Ramanuja Nootrandadhi and Upadesarathnamala. Navarathri Bramhotsavam which happens once in 3 years also follows the same recitation pattern.

It is Sri Ramanuja who established rituals and practices in Tirumala. It is a miracle that tradition is still exists and followed without any compromises even after 1000 years and TTD plays a major role in continuing the legacy.

Ashtadikpalakas – The Gods of 8 Directions

Ashtadikpalakas In Service of Brahmotsavams

The Ashtadikpalakas are eight in number. As their collective name suggests, they rule the eight quarters or the eight directions of the universe. Ashta means eight, “dik” means quarters or directions and” pālaks “means rulers.

According to Padma Purana, long long ago at the time of starting Kaliyuga, sacred Narayanadri was located in Jambudweepam in Bharat. Lord Srinivasa incarnated on the hills, situated on the southern side of the River Ganges at a distance of two hundred yojanas and on the eastern side at a distance of five yojanas on the bank of Swami Pushkarini towards the western side, in Kanya Bhadrapada masa on Ekadasi, Monday, in Sravana star in an auspicious muhurta.

Ashtadikpalakas and their role in Brahmotsavams - Heading

Brahma and other devatas had the darshan of Lord Srinivasa. They wished to perform Utsavas and when asked the Lord, he gave his acceptance. Accordingly, Brahma organized a nine-day festival and made arrangements for Vahana sevas to be taken in a procession.

The first day, called Dwajarohanam, hoisting a Flag on Dwajasthabam, depicted with a picture, inviting all Devatas to participate in pooja and worship. Prominent among them Dikpalakas were also invited. Later they became popular as ‘Ashtadikpalakas’.

Accordingly, they came to Tirumala and took their positions in all eight directions in four mada streets. They have to protect the Lord from evil eye (Sight) and forces, while the Lord is moving on Vahana sevas in a procession. Because Lord is being decorated with the ornaments, given by Brahma and Kubera.

It is essential to know about Ashtadikpalakas and their role in Brahmotsavams.

  1. East,
  2. South,
  3. West,
  4. North

Four dikhs (Directions)  i.e.

  1. Agneya (South-East),
  2. Nairuthi (South-West),
  3. Vayavya (North-West), and
  4. Isanya (North-East)

are four corners or sub-corners. These eight are Ashtadikpalakas in total. Let us know about the Lords of eight directions in detail.

Ashtadikpalakas

Detailed description of Ashtadikpalakas

Indradeva

He is praised as a King to Devas in Vedas. He is the Lord of East direction. He is the son of Aditi. Sachidevi is his wife. His weapon is Vajrayudha. His Vahanam is Iravatam(Elephant). He stays in Amaravathi. He possesses an Elephant named ‘Iravatam’ and a horse named ‘Ucchisravam’, born from Ksheerasagaram.

He defeated Danavas in the Deva-Asura battle and Devas felt happy about their success. Parabrahma appeared in space as light with higher brightness at that time. Devas wondered after seeing the brightness and tried to know about the light.

Ashtadikpalakas - IndraDeva

First Agni and Next Vayu went to know about the brightness but returned in vain. Later Indra went to that place, but the Rupam (Shape) disappeared. Umadevi was found in that place. Indra questioned Uma about the disappeared Yaksha. She replied that he was Parabrahma and with his blessings only you won the battle.

Indra acknowledged thanks and prayed for Parabrahma. Indra, Agni and Vayu went to see Parabrahma, and that’s why they became popular. Indra knew about Parabrahma, he became King of Devas and Lord of Devalokas.

Agnideva

Agni is one among the Panchabhutas (Five elements). He is Lord of Agneya (South-East) direction. Tejaswi (Very bright).

  • His Rupam (Shape) is with Seven hands,
  • Four horns,
  • Seven tounges
  • Two heads, and
  • Clean and Smiling.

Vaiswanara is his father’s name. Suchishmati is his mother. His wife is Swahadevi. His weapon is Sakthi. His vahanam is ‘Sheep’. He stays in Tejovathi town.

Ashtadikpalakas - Agni Deva

Agni was born from Siva amsa. When he was a child, Narada saw him and told him that he was having a dangerous curse in his twelfth year. With the permission of his parents, he went to Kasi Kshetram and did severe penance for Siva.

Indra came to Agni to give boons. Agni rejected the proposal and said that he wouldn’t stop penance till Siva appears. Angered Indra severely beaten with Vajrayudha, till he went into a Coma.

Later Siva appeared and gave several boons. He blessed him to be the Lord of Agneya. Agni is one of the Vasus. Even though he eats all good or bad substances, he is sacred. His profession is to distribute havya among devatas. He is the First Sakthi to know about Parabrahma, hence he is worshipped by all Lokas and became great among devatas.

Yamadeva

He is the Lord of Pitruganas. He is the ruler of the South direction.

  • Surya is his father.
  • Sanjanadevi is his mother.
  • Syamaladevi is his wife.

‘Danda’ is his weapon. Mahisha (Buffalo) is his vahanam. He Stays in Saranyamana town. He is very Cruel but familiar as Dharmatma.

River Yamuna is his sister. Chitraguptha, Writer, Chanda, Maha Chanda are his servants.

Ashtadikpalakas - YamaDeva

He is a capable ruler, who can differentiate between Dharma and Adharma. He is well-versed in protecting justice. He gives Punishments to Sinners. He has another name Samavarthi. Saneswara is his stepbrother. His appearance is ferocious. He likes the ‘Banyan’ tree.

Niruti deva

He is the Lord of ‘Nairuti (South-West)’ direction. He is Adhipathi for all Lokas. He is gentle, noble. ‘Deerghadevi’ is his wife. ‘Kuntam’ is his weapon. ‘Man’ is his vahanam. He stays in ‘Krishnangana’ town. His name is ‘Pingalaksha’ in his previous birth. without accepting a hereditary profession he lived with good behaviour, but his uncle Daruka is a great cruel person. Daruka attacked a group of travellers along with his followers and beat them with various weapons.

Nairuti Deva

After hearing for help, Pingalaksha arrived and did battle with his paternal uncle to protect the travellers. In that battle, Daraka and his followers killed Pingalaksha with arrows. Naturally, Pingalaksha has had a helping tendency. He is an orthodox, well behaviour, dharmatma, died like that and went to punyalokas.

Since he has good qualities, being appointed as the Lord of Nairuti and became familiar.

Varunadeva

The Lord of the West, who is invited to distribute havirbhaghas at the time of performing yagas. He is the Lord of water.

  • Kardama Prajapati is his father.
  • His wife is Kalika Devi.
  • His weapon is Pasam.

Crocodile is his vahanam. He stays in Sraddavathi town. He has another name Suchishmantha.

Varuna Deva

When he was a child went along with his friends to play on the bank of a lake, then a Crocodile swallowed him and took him to Samudra.

A friend informed Kardama about the incident. Kardama is doing penance with devotion. Lord Siva sent his soldier to Samudra for another job, there he saw Suchishmantha and enquired why he was brought here? When Samudra knew that he was the son of Kardama, feared and sent the boy to Siva.

Siva sent the boy to Kardama. Because of the darshan of Siva, Suchishmantha got Gnana. Taking permission from his father, he went to Kasi to do penance for Siva. Lord Siva felt happy and asked him to have boons. Then he asked to give Varunapatham. Accordingly, Siva blessed him. Suchishmantha became Varuna and Lord of Varuna loka. Thus he became familiar.

References in Ramayana and Mahabharata

Varuna Devta’s presence is prominent in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. In the Ramayana, he is known to have appeased Lord Rama when the latter was about to unleash the Bhramastra on the ocean. Additionally, he supported Lord Krishna after Krishna’s victory over him in battle, gifting celestial weapons like the Sudarshana Chakra to Krishna and the Gandiva Bow to Arjuna before the Mahabharata war.

Varuna Devta’s story demonstrates his evolution from a cosmic ruler to a god associated with water, knowledge, and wisdom. His influence transcends borders and cultures, leaving an indelible mark on the collective consciousness of humanity. So, as the rain pours in Coimbatore, take a moment to ponder the enigmatic God Varuna and the depth of his legacy in Bharat and beyond.

“Om Jala-Bimbaya Vidmahe

Varunaaya Dheemahi

Tanno Varuna Prachodayat”

This mantra is a profound invocation to Varuna, seeking his blessings and guidance. Chant it with reverence and focus, allowing the sacred vibrations to resonate with your inner self and draw the divine energy of Varuna into your life, bringing peace, purification, and protection, especially during the rainy season.

Vayudeva

He is one among Panchabhoothas (Five elements). Omnipresent and very strong. He is the Lord of Vayavya (North-West) direction. He is the fundamental source of living creatures. After getting boons from Siva, he became Lord of Dikh and possessed with pranapanadi panchamurtymatvam, Sarvagatvam, Sarvasatva bhodakatvam like good qualities.

He is a Brahmin named Pootatma in his previous birth.

Vayu_Deva

He is an agnatic cousin of Maharshi Kasyapa. Anjanadevi is his wife. Flag is his weapon. ‘Deer’ is his vahanam. He stays in Gandhavati town. He fell in love with Anjana, the daughter of Kunjara.

She gave birth to a son named Anjaneya with the blessings of Vayudeva without any disturbance to her chastity. Anjaneya is the hereditary son of Vayudeva. He appears in several places in various historical and mythological puranas. He is the best friend of Agni.

Kuberadeva

He is loved by all devatas. He is the Lord of North direction. Most rich and fortunate.

  • His father is Visravobrahma.
  • Ilabila is his mother.
  • Chitrarekha Devi is his wife.

His weapon is a Sword. His vahanam is ‘Horse’. He resides in Alakapuri town. Ravana Brahma is his stepbrother. He did penance for Brahma Deva. He is blessed with a pretty son Nalakubera and Lord of all lokas, riches, having friendship with Sankara, possessed Lanka town.

Ashtadikpalakas - KuberaDeva

Accordingly, Brahma fulfilled all his desires. Moreover, he gave Pushpaka vimana, a divine vimana. The stepbrother Ravana became proud of having boons, started hurting lokas, torturing his brother Kubera and took away Pushpaka vimana, an occupied Lanka town.

Kubera approached Siva, Who presented Alakapuri town. The Lord of Kaliyuga Sri Venkateswara Swami asked Kubera to give money as a loan at the time of his marriage with Sri Padmavathi Devi. Then he gave money keeping the banyan tree as a witness. That’s why Lord is remitting interest till today to Kubera.

Having blessings of Maha Lakshmi Kubera is a true dharmatma and dhanyatma.

Esaanya

The Lord of Esaanya (North-East) direction is Paramasiva. Jagadamba Parvati is his wife. Trisula is his weapon. Vrishaba is his vahanam. He stays in Yasovati town. Parvati and Parameswara are considered Adidampatis.

He gives boons to his devotees instantly, that’s why he became popular as ‘Bhola Sankara.’

Ashtadikpalakas - ParamaSiva

He has great strength. He is one among Trimurthies. He is selfindependent. He is worshipped by bhootha ganas, contains third eye to make others into ashes instantly. He is Layakartha. He resides in Kailasam.

When Garalam (Severe Poison) came out from Sagara, he swallowed it and kept it in his throat to protect all Lokas. He is Omnipotent. He is having the capacity to give Agrahaha and anugraha.

He is a close friend of Vishnu. Cursed by Maharshi Bhrighu, he is being worshipped in Linga shape. He is worshipped by all, poojaneya and abhinandaneeya.

We have to remember Ashtadikpalakas and their services in the Lord’s Brahmotsavams and make our lives blessed.

Adhika Masa – The Extra Month

Annual Brahmotsavas – Adhika Masa

Today, the annual Brahmotsavas in Tirumala is celebrated for nine days during the month of Kanya. But, whenever there is an extra month as per the Chandramana, two Brahmotsavas are celebrated.

It is an established tradition to hold the festival, having fixed the Avabritha on the day with Sravana nakshatra [the star in which Sri Venkateswara was incarnated]. Kanyamasa is related to Souramana.

As per the Candramana (lunar almanac), Kanyamasa Sravana occurs generally in the month of Aswayuja. The Souramana (solar almanac) has a year with 365 days, with no extra months. A year in the lunar calendar has 354 days, allowing for extra months.

As it has eleven days less, now and then there can be a month without Suryasankranthi (the transit of the Sun from one house to another in the Zodiac) in the Chandramana. Such is the extra month [a Chandramasa without Suryasankramana].

Cultural and folk arts - Brahmotsavams
Cultural and folk arts during Brahmotsavams

In general, such an extra month occurs once in three years. In a year with the extra month (adhika masam), Kanya Sravana falls in the month of Aswayuja of the Chandramana. In such instances, the Brahmotsavas are celebrated from Aswayajuja Vidiya up to Vijayadasami. In a year with the extra month, Kanya Sravana falls in the month of Bhadrapada as per the Chandramana.

In such instances, the annual Brahmotsavas celebrated in the month of Bhadrapada are the prominent ones. During such a year, the Brahmotsavas are celebrated a second time even in Aswayuja. Such second Brahmotsavas are called Navarathri Brahmotsavas. Between these two annual Brahmotsavas, the ones in the month of Kanya Bhadrapada are more important.

Hence these Brahmotsavas start with Dhwajarohana and end up with Dhwajavarohana.

Garuda Seva Tirumala - Adhika Masa
Before the procession of GARUDA SEVA during Brahmotsavams – Tirumala – Adhika Masa

Lords of the Eight Directions

The Lords of the Eight Directions and other gods are not invited to the festival. The car festivals are celebrated as in the first Brahmotsavas.

In the Navaratri Brahmotsavas, there is neither Dhwajarohana nor Dhwajavarohana. The Lords of the Eight Directions are not invited to these festivities. The car festivals are celebrated in order as in the first Brahmotsavas. In the first Brahmotsavas, a wooden chariot is used in the car festival, and in the second, a silver chariot.

Today, a golden chariot is being used in the place of the silver one. Where is the silver chariot, now? We don’t know. Probably, it is safe in the Tirumala museum. In the first annual Brahmotsava, after the car festival at night, an assembly is held every day for the festive idols in the golden Tirucchi [golden palanquin] in the Tirumalaraya Mandapa (Tirumalaraya pavilion).

In the second Navarathri Brahmotsavas, after the car festival every day at night an assembly of the festive idols in golden Seshavahana is held in the Rangamandapa [Ranganayakulu Mandapa].

Religious and Spiritual Significance of Adhika Masam

  • There are no festivals observed during this lunar month. All festivals, muhurtas for auspicious ceremonies like marriage, housewarming, initiation of mantras, etc will be postponed to Nija Maasam.
  • Rather this month is treated as a special and holy month and people perform the adhik mass vrat. Extra mala japas, pradakshinas, pilgrimages, scriptural reading, and parayans.
  • Few even practice strict celibacy and avoid alcohol, meat, tobacco, etc during this month.
  • This is the best month to do any Puja or Havan. Also, if a person wants to chant any specific mantra, he/she should get initiated by a guru in the earlier month itself and continue the practice.
  • Any graha dosh or specific dosh nivaran puja and remedies performed in Adhika Maasam to rectify the horoscope gives a better result to the individual.

Lord Sri Venkateswara is the supreme God. Devotees across the world throng the holy shrine in Tirumala throughout the year to offer their vows on the fulfilment of their wishes. A glimpse of God even for a few seconds will make them forget their travails of the journey.

They would like to personally participate in each ritual performed to the Lord every day despite the constraints of time, space, and availability. To obviate the problems faced by the large section of devotees, the TTD is telecasting all programs live on SVBC.

Cultural and Folk Arts – Brahmotsavams

Brahmotsavam – A Festival organized by Brahma

According to some of the Epic Sources, it is on the day of Lord Sri Venkateswara’s Self Manifestation on the Tirumala Hills that his son BRAHMA was called by HIM and asked to celebrate a festival in memory of His Manifestation Day.

Ever since this festival has been celebrated under the leadership of Brahma. Hence it is called Brahmotsavam. Secondly, these annual celebrations are called Brahmotsavams because, among all the festivals of Lord Sri Venkateswara, these are the most magnificent annual festivals.

Because of their GRAND nature, they are called Brahmotsavams.

Salutations to Srivaru

During these Nine days of Brahmotsavas while Lord Srinivasa is moving in the Four Mada Streets on these vahanas named earlier the festivity touches the heights of sky everywhere. The auspicious music of the instruments is appealing to the ears.

Devotees from Anga, Kosala, Karnataka, Pandya, Kerala, Kashi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and all other regions arrive and stand on either side of the procession and with folded hands offer their salutations to Srivaru during Brahmotsavam.

Many teams of devotees following the troops of instrumentalists utter repeatedly the name of GOVINDA. Along with them, there are Acharya purushas, Archakasvamins, Jiyyangars, Vedic Savants, and officers.

Tirumala

A classic touch to Sri Vari Procession

The Devotees who come from different forms are experts in many kinds of arts.

In front of the procession,

  • Some teams of devotees sing in praise of the GOD.
  • Some others dance in a blissful state.
  • Still, others lay steps rhythmically doing bhajans.
  • Some devotees play on Trumpets.
  • Some give great Drum Beats.
  • Some devotees appear in the attire of Deities.
  • Some classical dance artists also offer their worship through their skill in dance forms.

Brahmotsavams 2018

Thus all the arts of Music and Performance arts are offered to Srinivasa as a Kainkarya or as a Devoted Service. In this procession, the line between the Earth and Sky disappears. Now everywhere it is divine…serene and noble-spirited.

Here the services of devotees through different classical and folk arts are to be considered as the very gestures of Goddess Sarasvati as She is the spouse of Brahma the chief performer of these festivals.

Cultural and folk arts Brahmotsavams 7

Pancha Bhutas

The pleasing sounds of the Auspicious musical instruments sanctify all the quarters of the Universe till the end. As said by the Sage Bhrugu in the holy treatise Arcana Tilaka the Five Gross elements: Pancha Bhutas serving the Lord Srinivasa through the Mridanga, Conch, Bells, and Nadasvara instruments, and the human voices respectively.

Pancha Bhutas: The Earth, The Water, The Fire, The Air and The Ether (Prthvi, jal, Tejas, Vayu and Akasa)

The Vibrant sounds of Vedic chants fill all directions with a kind of tranquillity and nobility. In the front side and back side of the Vehicle, people of different regions who are experts in different folk arts are formed into some groups and present their talents as a holy offering to the GREAT GOD.

Entire Nature is very calm and pleasant with the impressive utterances of different names of Lord HARI. The Seshadri mountain enjoys the arrival of devotees.

Brahmotsavams 2018 1

Pedda Sesha Vahana Seva 2018

There is one ceremony or the other almost daily for Lord Venkateswara manifest on Tirumala.

Different ceremonies are conducted on a grand scale for the Lord with different time frames— daily, fortnightly, monthly and yearly. Of them, special mention may be made of annual Brahmotsavas.

Devotees go on raptures witnessing the Lord on different carriages and earnestly wait for the next earliest opportunity to visit them. Brahmotsavas are conducted twice this year much to their jubilation.

Because of the addition of one month as per the Telugu Calendar, two categories of Brahmotsavas are conducted this year, namely—Salakatla and Navaratri (nine-day).

Serpent Sesha’s Service to the Resident of Ananda Nilaya – Pedda Sesha Vahana Seva)

Seven-hooded Serpent Sesha’s service (Pedda Sesha Vahana Seva) to the Lord along with His consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi. Since the Lord is settled on Seshadri making Sesha His bed, Sesha’s carriage is preferred on the very first day of celebrations.

Adisesha serves the Lord variously in different postures as the habitation, bed, seat, shoes, upper garment, pillow, umbrella to shade from sun and shower, pedestal and servant. Hence, he is regarded as Sesha.

This procession suggests the rise of serpentine kundalini from mooladhara (primary consciousness) to Sahasrara (highest consciousness) in yoga.

Chinna Sesha Vahana Seva 2018

There is one ceremony or the other almost daily for Lord Venkateswara manifest on Tirumala.

Different ceremonies are conducted on a grand scale for the Lord with different time frames— daily, fortnightly, monthly and yearly. Of them, special mention may be made of annual Brahmotsavas.

Devotees go on raptures witnessing the Lord on different carriages and earnestly wait for the next earliest opportunity to visit them. Brahmotsavas are conducted twice this year much to their jubilation.

Because of the addition of one month as per the Telugu Calendar, two categories of Brahmotsavas are conducted this year, namely—Salakatla and Navaratri (nine-day).

Srinivasa on the Younger Serpent Sesha – Chinna Sesha Vahana Seva

Lord Venkateswara alone proceeds on the younger five-hooded Serpent Sesha’s carriage (Chinna Sesha Vahana Seva) on the second day of Brahmotsavas. Born of the aspect of Narayana, Sesha has the privilege of offering his service twice with his intimacy to the Lord. Vasuki is regarded as the younger Sesha.

 

Hamsa Vahana Seva 2018

There is one ceremony or the other almost daily for Lord Venkateswara manifest on Tirumala.

Different ceremonies are conducted on a grand scale for the Lord with different time frames— daily, fortnightly, monthly and yearly. Of them, special mention may be made of annual Brahmotsavas.

Devotees go on raptures witnessing the Lord on different carriages and earnestly wait for the next earliest opportunity to visit them. Brahmotsavas are conducted twice this year much to their jubilation.

Because of the addition of one month as per the Telugu Calendar, two categories of Brahmotsavas are conducted this year, namely—Salakatla and Navaratri (nine-day).

Mother of Learning on Swan – Hamsa Vahana Seva

In the evening of the second day, the Lord appears as Saraswati, Goddess of Learning, on the Swan carriage (Hamsa Vahana Seva). This service suggests discriminating power of the good and the bad. The liberated soul is compared to a swan. God as the wisest swan on the swan carriage offers a delightful sight.