Purisai Garden Ceremony – Tiruvaadippooram Shaattumurai

Purisai Garden Ceremony

On the day of Tiruvaadipuram Shaattumurai itself, Lord Venkateswara goes to Purisai Garden. On the evening of the day of Poorvaphalguni star in Kataka month, Sri Malayappa Swamy goes to Purisai Garden in a wooden Tiruchi in a wider circumambulation. There, different preparations are distributed to the devotees after offering them to the Lord. Later, the Lord is taken to Pogada tree and is offered camphor light.

The remnants of camphor light, flower garland and sathari are given to the Pogada tree. The priests get the Sathari without keeping it in the tiruchi. As the Lord enters the street crossing the Gajendra Moksha pavilion, He is offered camphor light followed by anointing of Lord’s sathagopa for sanctification. After another offering of camphor light, the sathari is placed in the Tiruchi. Then, the Lord goes back to His original abode. This is the ceremony at Purisai Garden.

The Tiruvadipooram Festival

Background to Tiruvaadippooram

108th chapter of Sri Venkataachala Mahaatmyam episode of Varaha Purana mentions: “Govindaaya Namastubhyam Srinivaasaayate Namaha,” indicating the non-duality of Lord of Venkatachala and Govindaraja. Sri Bhagavad Ramanuja lived during the rule of Kattiyam Yadava kings.

Once, Chidambaram Govindaraja Swamy had to leave the sacred legendary shrine of Chitrakoot on the banks of the Kaveri river and reach Tirupati in the footsteps of Tirumala. He was hailed as another form of Lord Venkateswara and worshipped here. At that time, Sri Ramanuja wanted Govindaraja should enjoy all rituals and riches on par with Lord Venkateswara.

Towards this end, he laid a lotus flower in the hand of Andal and got the sacred throne engraved with the yantra and mantra required for the wealth-yielding Vyooha Lakshmi. He erected Govindaraja Swamy on the left side as per the Vaikhanasa tradition and proposed for the conduct of all ceremonies.

During the month of her birth star Poorvaphalguni, Goda Devi was added to Govindaraja Swamy and erected in the sacred lotus feet of self-manifest Lord of Venkatachala in Adipuli (Alipiri) pavilion on the footsteps of Tirumala.

Purisai Garden Ceremony - Tiruvaadippooram Shaattumurai

Some inscriptions reveal the details of this ceremony. Let us go into the details.

Purisai Garden Ceremony in the Inscriptions

Purisai Garden ceremony was restored in Tirumala on September 23, 1983. Though it was in vogue in the past, it was discontinued in the middle. It was called Tota Tirunal or Topu Tirunal. It figures for the first time in the February 17, 1494 Inscription (113th Inscription, Volume 2) during the regime of Saluva Narasimha. It belongs to Niyogi Timmana Danda Nayaka of Haaritha Gotra and Aswalayana Sutra, a resident of Chandragiri.

It refers to the Purisai Garden ceremony held for twenty days. It also mentions that Timmana Dandanayaka offered services to the Lord on the eleventh day of the ceremony. The September 15, 1542 Inscription (28th Inscription, Vol. 3) during the rule of Srikrishna Devaraya is the second one to mention this ceremony.

Pappushetty Ayyan

Pappushetty Ayyan, son of Pandayar Shennam Shettiyar, resident of Narasingapuram near Tirupati, distinctly described the order of rituals to be offered to Govindaraja Swamy and Lord Venkateswara during their visit to his gardens at Tirumala and Tirupati.

The March 6, 1536 Inscription (73rd Inscription, Vol. 4) during the rule of Achyuta Devaraya proclaims that Raamayyan, son of Mattamallayan and disciple of Parashara Bhattacharya, donated for the conduct of Garden Ceremonies of Ramabhatta, Ramachandra Deekshita and Appa Pillai.

Inscription 18 of Vol. 4 mentions the Garden Ceremony of Jayyapu Nayakar. 19th Inscription mentions the Garden Ceremony of Moorthi Nayakar, son of Katlakonda Nayakar, resident of Kumarapalli. August 7, 1554 Inscription is the only complete inscription that we find in this regard.

It mentions the order of this Garden Ceremony in detail including the services, donations, offerings of food and other items, etc. for Malayappa Swamy, His twin consorts (Sridevi and Bhudevi), Lord Krishna, Vishvaksena and Bhashyakara. To meet this expenditure, Moorthi Nayakar purchased land worth 75 rekhaipans including Rajendrasinga Nalloor land worth 50 rekhaipans and Pudipatla Lake canal land worth 25 rekhaipans, and offered it to the treasury of Tirumala.

It also details the different heads of expenditure. In the auspicious hour of shravana star during ankurarpana of Aani Brahmotsava arranged by Sri Ramanuja and Tallapaka Tirumalayyangar (June- July), Lord Venkateswara with His twin consorts, Srikrishna and His Commander-in-Chief (Vishvaksena) are seated in the pavilion of Murthy Nayakar Garden. These deities are anointed with musk, sandal powder, etc. Decoration, offering of food, camphor light offerings, sathari rituals are continued even now.

Vishvaksena - Supreme commander
Commander-in-Chief (Vishvaksena) / Supreme commander

The last Garden Ceremony conducted like this was mentioned in the 6th Inscription of Volume 13 of March 31, 1606. Vijayanagara treasurer Bokkasam Krishnaiah conducted this in the flower garden named after his father Bokkasam Narasaiah. But, there is no evidence of its continuance later during the rule of Nawabs or Company, or Mahants. It was held in 1983 after about 400 years.

Though the nomenclature of Tototsava was not used, this ceremony could be seen in the Lord’s visit to some important places in Tirumala and Vanabhojana (Dining in the Forest). Purisai Garden Ceremony also comes under this category. It is being conducted in the Tirumala rock garden of 1527. The birthday of Goda Devi happens to be Anantaalvan’s breathing his last. Hence, this festival marks both of these occasions.

Andal’s Tiruvaadippooram festival is also held. In this context, let us try to know about the flower garden of Anantaalvan.

Anantaalvan’s Garden

Anantaalvan and his wife grew flowers of variegated plants in the Ramanuja Pushpa Vaatika erected with great labour. He used to collect those flowers, braid them into garlands and offer them to the Lord of Tirumala every day. Adorned with these garlands from top to bottom, the Lord used to give His darshan to the devotees exceedingly bright.

Fascinated by the beauty of these garlands, the Lord, it appears, was once inquisitive to see Anantaalvan’s garden. He went to the garden along with Alamelmanga at night after the doors of Ananda Nilayam were closed. Overjoyed by the beauty of the garden, they took a walking tour through it plucking the flowers throughout the night and went back to the Ananda Nilayam in the early hours. Anantaalvan was disappointed to see his garden spoiled the next day.

It became a routine every day for the divine pair to visit the garden and spoil it. Anantaalvan prayed to the Lord with great anguish. Feeling sorry, the Lord appeared to Alvan along with His consort at midnight the next day. Anantaalvan wanted to catch hold of them. But, the Lord escaped somehow, while the Lady was caught.

Sri Devi Caught for plucking flowers

The Alvan tied her to the Sampangi tree with creepers. She appealed to him for release in vain. He was on the prowl for her husband. At last, he saw the man running away from the garden and running north to the temple from the south street. He ran after him, but could not catch him. He returned in disappointment.

In the meanwhile, it dawned. The temple priests woke the Lord up and could not find the golden image of Alamelmanga on His chest. The Lord then pacified the anxious priests and directed them to go to Anantaalvan’s garden where she was confined and take her back with all honours. Awe-struck, they all went to Anantaalvan and praised him as the most fortunate devotee for confining no less a lady than the consort of the Lord Himself. Anantaalvan deeply regretted his ignorance.

He prostrated before and seated her in a flower basket and took her to the temple. Lord Srinivasa was quite happy and called him his father-in-law for offering Alamelmanga like a daughter in a basket as in marriage to Him. The Lady flew to the Lord to occupy His chest as usual. The Lord felicitated Alvan with new clothes, sandal powder and betel leaves.

Significance as the birthday of Goda Devi

Thus, in the Kataka month (Aani maasa) on the day of Poorvaphalguni star during the Tiruvayi(di)pooram ceremony, the Lord goes to Anantaalvan’s garden every year in procession in the circumambulatory direction to receive worship and then felicitate the Pogada tree in the Anantaalvan Brindavan with His sathari.

He would go back to the temple in procession later. So, this day is regarded as the day of Anantaalvan’s breathing his last. Anantaalvan, it is believed, was transformed into a Pogada tree in his Brindavan. This day is significant as the birthday of Goda Devi, i.e. Tiruavaadippooram as well.

Sri Godambika Sri Vratam Nirattotsavam

Sri Godambika

Godambika or Goda Devi or Andal as popular in Tamil Vaishnava Tradition are the names of the same great person. Godambika was the only female of Vaishnava Dharma among the 12 alwars or azhwars.

She was praised as the human incarnation of Goddess Bhudevi as a baby found in the Tulasi Garden at Sri Villiputtur having not been born from any mother’s womb. Vishnuchitta or Periyalwar while collecting Tulasi leaves for preparing garlands for Lord Vishnu’s worship found this female baby in the Tulasi Garden brought home and started nourishing.

Thus she was brought up as the daughter of Vishnuchitta. Since her childhood, she had been a staunch devotee of Lord Vishnu. She took worshipping Lord Vishnu as the only prime duty of her life. While growing up, she used to adorn her hair with garlands to be offered to God.

Andal Thiruvaadipooram / Goda Devi Dressed up as a child - Godambika or Goda Devi or Andal
Goda Devi Dressed up as a child – Godambika or Goda Devi or Andal

Vishnuchitta who had no knowledge of this used to offer those garlands to the God Vishnu. One day he saw his daughter’s hair on a garland and worried badly. He observed fasting for the mistake done. Then he had a dream in which Sri Ranganatha Swami (an aspect of Lord Vishnu) asked him to offer the garlands to Him every day only after Godambika bedecks them first.

It became a practice in the Temple ever since to offer the garlands in that manner only. Then onwards she was called Amuktamalyada in Sanskrit and Cudikodutta nacchiyar in Tamil. Godambika’s devotion and love for Lord Vishnu were growing stronger and stronger. She had a strong desire to be the spouse of Sri Mahavishnu (Vatapatra Sayi) of Sri Villiputtur.

Hence she decided to perform a one-month length austerity worshipping Lord Vishnu just as the Gopikas performed Katyayani Vrata in the Dvapara Yuga to procure Sri Krishna as their husband. The day she began the austerity, was the first day of Dhanurmasa.

Thus during those 30 days, she wrote 30 Pasurams praising Sri Maha Vishnu. At the end of the 30th day, Sri Ranganatha graced and accepted her hand in marriage. Thus she became the spouse of Sri Ranganatha Swami. The thirty pasurams written by her occupied a very prominent place among the four thousand PASURAMS written by all the 12 Alwars.

Tiruppavai Vratam at Tirumala

Since that day in all the Vaishnava Temples, a festival has been celebrated for Thirty Days in the entire Dhanurmasa by the name TIRUPPAVAI which means “The Austerity of the Divine Goddess”.

As in all the other traditional Vaishnava temples in the Tirumala Temple also this TIRUPPAVAI is grandly celebrated. As a part of these celebrations at Tirumala in the early morning, instead of Suprabhata the recitation of the Tiruppavai Pasurams of Sri Godambika is done in the Sanctum Sanctorum.

On the bosom of Sri Venkateswara Swami just by the side of the small idol of Sridevi a golden parrot is decorated in all the thirty days of Dhanurmasa.

Nirattotsavam at Tirupati - Sri Govinda RajaSwamy Temple

Nirattotsavam at Tirupati – Sri Govinda RajaSwamy Temple

While Dhanurmasa is celebrated on the Tirumala hill in this manner the Nirattotsavam is celebrated as a part of the Dhanurmasa festival at Sri Govindarajaswami Temple (clicking here will take you to Google Maps) at Tirupati.

Nirattotsavam is an annual festival performed for seven days before the annual BHOGI festival.

The NIRATTAM means ABHISHEKA or Sacred bath to the Goddess. The sequence of the daily events in the seven-day festival is performed in the following manner. After the early morning Dhanurmasa Puja at the Govindarajaswami Temple, the idol of Godambika is brought out in a beautifully decorated Palanquin to the banks of the Ramachandra Pushkarini through the holy streets surrounding the Govindaraja Swamy temple.

There on an elevated platform of Niratta Mandapa, Goddess Godambika is seated to be visible to all the devotees and starts the performance of Nirattam (Abhishekam) with sacred waters, cow milk and other panchaamritam reciting various Suktams like Sri Sukta, Bhu Sukta, Nila Sukta etc. After Nirattam or Abhisheka, the priests offer Naivedyam or Sacred Food to the Goddess.

Then Sattumora prayers are recited followed by the Divine Assembly called ‘Asthanam’. This process goes on till the evening. In the evening, Goddess Godambika is well decorated with flower garlands and seated in the Tirucchi vahanam.

A procession starts from the Ramachandra Pushkarini through the holy streets and the Goddess is brought back to the temple of Sri Govindarajaswami while the Vedic scholars chant Vedic hymns and the musicians play on various instruments throughout the procession.

In this manner, this NIRATTOTSAVAM is celebrated for seven days.

Bhogi Teru

On the eighth day i.e., BHOGI which is the previous day to Makara Sankranti the BHOGI TERU festival is performed with festive fervour. As a part of this festival, the well-ornamented idols of Sri Godambika and Sri Krishna Swami are seated in a beautifully decorated Chariot and a procession is led around the sacred streets around the Holy Temple of Sri Govindarajaswami.

Bhogi Teru - Sri Govindarajaswami Temple Tirupati

The Nirattotsavam and Bhogi Teru together is a nine-day festival in all the Vaishnava Divya Desams. But in the Govindarajaswami temple of Tirupati, this is celebrated for eight days of which in the first seven days the Nirattotsavam is celebrated and on the eighth day Bhogi Teru is celebrated.

With the advent of Makara Sankramanam the holy Dhanurmasa comes to an end and the Makaramasa begins.

Chakra Snanam and Procession of Deities

In the morning hours of MAKARA SANKRANTI day, the Sacredbath is performed to Sri Chakrattalwar in Alwar Tank at Kapila Tirtham. In the evening a procession of the deities Sri Godambika and Sri Krishna Swami is led in the holy streets of Sri Govindarajaswami temple.

Goda Devi Kalyanam

The grand celebration of the Divine Kalyanam of Sri Godambika with Sri Krishna Swami is performed on the day of KANUMA, the next day to Makara Sankranti in the Kumbha Harati Mandapam following the scriptural instructions of Agamas.

During that Kalyanam event, the Purana recitation of Sri Goda Kalyanam also goes on as a customary part.

Final Word

Thus the grand series of Godambika Festival with various month-long events is celebrated with great devotion, dedication to the God and Goddess and with an unparallel festive zeal.

Goda Devi’s Marriage

On the day of Bhogi which is the last day of Dhanurmasa, the marriage of Goda Devi is celebrated. As soon as the Sun god enters Dhanushrasi, the month of Dhanurmasa commences. The Dhanurmasa remains up to Bhogi. In all temples of Vaishnavaites, the pasurams of the Divine known as TIRUPPAVAI are recited in the early mornings during this Dhanurmasa.

No Suprabhatam during Tiruppavai

In this month, the recitation of Suprabhata is not conducted, instead, Tiruppavai is sung. Godadevi, one of the twelve Alwars Composed this Tiruppavai.

Vishnuchitta

Sri Villiputtur is a village 60 kilometers away from Madurai in Tamilnadu. Therein 725 AD, Bhattanadha was born to the humble parents Mukundacharya and Padmavati, Later Bhattanadha was called “Vishnuchitta”.

Every day, he used to worship God with Tulasi, flower garlands, and offered pujas by composing and reciting Tiruppaland dedicating to Vatapatrasai. As a result, Vishnuchitta was named “Perialwar” which means a great devotee.

Vishnuchitta finding a baby

Once Vishnuchitta discovered a beautiful baby in his grown Tulasi garden felt elated as if goddess Sita was found in the garden. Hence, Vishnuchitta named her “Kodai” in the sense of garland. Over time, she was called “Godadevi”.

Godadevi just like her father nourished and nurtured extreme devotion towards Lord Krishna and at times observed herself in a state of bliss by culminating herself at the feet of Lord Krishna.

Sometimes, she felt ecstatic, when her father made her listen to the divine dispensation, involved herself as a gopika, and loved Lord Krishna as Gopika did in Nandanavana. She also treated him as her husband. She used to garland herself decorated by her father to Lord Krishna.

Story behind Garlands

In addition, she became jubilant by seeing her reflections. Adorning herself with valuable jewels, flowers, and dress, she tried to feel whether she deserved to be beloved of Lord Krishna, questioning herself in her heart of hearts. Noticing this, her father became angry and decided not to garland Lord Krishna which was worn by his daughter.

But one day, Lord Krishna appeared in his dream and told him that she was born virtually as an incarnation of the Goddess of Earth (Bhoodevi), and took birth on the earth to compose hymns in praise of the Lord. Her worn garlands would lend charm and fragrance to Me said Krishna, emotionally moved by this dream Perialwar fondly called her “You are Andal” shedding tears with happiness. Andal means the savior.

Sri MalyappaSwamy Decorated as Goda Devi
Sri MalyappaSwamy Decorated as Goda Devi

Goda devi – Katyani Vratha

Such Godadevi worshipped Lord Krishna to be her husband and performed Katyani Vratha in Dhanurmasa. After some time, Sri Ranganadha, the presiding deity of Srirangam, appeared to Perialwar in a dream and ordained him to see her reach His shrine. At last, Goda Devi married Sri Ranganadha and sublimated herself in the Lord.

Dhanurmasam in Tirumala

That very day is regarded as Bhogi, the last day of Dhanurmasa. As a symbol, the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams grandly celebrate Godadevi’s marriage. It is popularly believed those who witnessed this holy marriage would get married soon as well and it strengthens the marital bondage between the couple and women’s chastity would last long.

Dhanurmasa concludes on the day of Bhogi. Goda Kalyanam is celebrated on this day in grandeur. It is performed in the Andal Sannidhi of Sri Govindaraja Swami Temple, Tirupati. On that day the garlands from this Andal Sannidhi are sent to Tirumala temple to adorn them on the Main Deity.

Story of Goda Devi (Andal)

Born of Goda Devi

Vishnuchitta was born in Sri Villiputtur, in the Sanctum of Vatapatra Sai. He found a baby, in the garden of Tulasi. He named her “Goda” – which means a garland.

Preparing Garlands for Lord

Goda used to prepare the garlands that her father carried to the temple to decorate the Lord. Once she prepared the garlands, she would try them on herself to make sure that they look beautiful and then used to give them to her father for an offering. Unaware of this, Vishnuchitta carried on offering them to the Lord.

One day, he found some hair in the garland. He realized the reason and was worried about the sacrilege committed. But that night the Lord appears in his dream and tells him that he prefers the ones worn by Goda.

Marrying Sri Ranganatha

Vishnuchitta brought her up in an environment of love and devotion towards the Lord. The intensity of her love and dedication towards the Lord grew so much that she decided to marry Sri Ranganatha, a form of Lord Vishnu.

When Andal was nubile, the Alwar began looking for a groom. But Andal insisted that she marries none other than Lord Ranganatha. Vishnuchitta takes Andal to Srirangam.

At the auspicious moment, the Lord marries Andal then she merges with the Lord.

Thus Goda became “AmuktamalyadaMukta – worn and removed, mala – garland, da – one who gives.

Goda’s Marriage

Goda Kalyanam is performed in all Vishnu temples on Bhogi day with fervor and devotion, especially in the South.

Sri Krishnadevaraya, the famous king of the Vijayanagara empire (16th century) authored “Amuktamalyada”, a prabhanda, based on Goda Devi’s story.

He introduces the legends of Vishnuchitta, Yamunacharya, Khandikhya, and Kesidwaja to establish the philosophy of Vishistadvaita.

Dhanurmasam At Tirumala

Dhanurmasam

‘Dhanurmasa’ is considered as highly auspicious for the devotees of Lord Vishnu. The beginning of Dhanurmasa is marked by the transit of the Sun into ‘Dhanur ’ rasi.

This is also called ‘Dhanus Sankramana’. According to Sanatana Dharma, Devas wake up early in the morning during this month. They perform special prayers to Sri Maha Vishnu during the auspicious period of ‘Bramhi Muhurtha’, which is one and a half hours before sunrise.

Srikrishna in Bhagavad Gita says – ‘Maasaanaam Maarga Seershoham….’ – ‘I manifest more in Margashirsha Masam among the different months of the year ’.

Worshipping Lord Vishnu on a single day during Dhanurmasa is equal to worshipping Vishnu with devotion for 1000 years. Special worship is conducted in all ancient Vishnu shrines throughout South India and some parts of North India.

The holy festival ‘Vaikunta Ekadasi’ is celebrated on an Ekadasi during the bright half of Dhanurmasam.

During Dhanurmasa Naivedyam, Jaggery Dosa, Mudgannam (venpongal), are offered to the Lord in Tirumala.

Importance and significance of Dhanurmasam

As per Hindu Scriptures, Dhakshinayana (the movement of the Sun towards the south) is the nighttime for Devas (demi-gods). Dhanurmasa is the last month of Dhakshinayana. Gods wake up in the early morning (Dhanurmasa) Brahma Muhurtha- about one and half hours before the Sunrise- and offer special prayers to the Lord.

Pujas offered to the Lord even on a single day during Dhanurmasa is very auspicious. Dhanurmasa is also called Margali masam.

Sri Krishna has declared that “Maasaanaam maargaseershoham” in Srimad Bhagavat Gita- “I manifest more in the month of Maargaseersham (dhanurmasa) among the different months of the year”. So Dhanurmasa gets importance. Further Andal (Goda Devi) performed Paavi Nombu- a vrata to get the Lord as her consort in this month.

In fact, her Tiruppavai prabandham describes her Vrata during Dhanurmasa in full detail. Some even call Dhanurmasa Tiruppavai month (During Dhanurmasam, lectures on Tiruppavai are arranged at many places all over South India). Dhanurmasa is said to be the most sacred one for observing worship, vratas and spiritual activities to obtain salvation.

Worship of Lord Srinivasa – Dhanurmasam

Naivedyam

During the Dhanurmasa Naivedyam, special food offerings like Jaggery Dosa, Mudgannam (Katte Pongali), Sundal, and Seera are offered every day to Lord Srinivasa.

Food Offerings or Naivedyam, Tirumala

Goda Kalyanam

The holy month of Dhanurmasa concludes with the Bhogi festival on the 30th day and the Goda Kalyanam ritual is performed in Tirupati Sri Govindaraja Swami temple Andal Sannidhi.

Also, flower garlands from Sri Andal Sannidhi are sent to Tirumala and are adorned on the Dhruva Beram of Srivaru, during Madhyamika Aradhana.

Those who worship Lord Vishnu in this holy month of Dhanurmasa will be conferred with the choicest blessings of Lord Srinivasa and by his eternal grace, devotees are blessed with health, wealth, peace and prosperity in this world and attain Vishnu Loka prapti at the end of their lives.

Vaikunta Ekadasi

During the Dhanurmasam, Margasira Sukla Ekadasi, or Vaikunta Ekadashi is celebrated with religious fervour.

On the Vaikunta Dwadasi, the Sacred Chakrathalwar is taken in procession to the Temple tank called Swami Pushkarini for a Holy bath-Tirumanjanam. This is performed commemorating Swami Pushkarini Theertha Mukkoti. (But at present due to COVID-19, these rituals are done in the temple only).

Swami Pushkarini - During Dhanurmasam

It is believed that on this Dwadasi day, all the Holy theerthas on earth congregate in Swami Pushkarini. Hence, devotees take a bath in Swami Pushkarini after the Chakra Snanam, to wash off their sins. It is said that after bathing in the Pushkarini, if one offers charity to the poor, he will be blessed by the Lord.

Adhyayanotsavam

The annual Adhyayanotsavam celebrations are observed for 23 days during Dhanurmasam. ‘Adhyayana’ in Sanskrit means practice and is synonymous with repetition, or recitation of any subject matter.

TTD during Dhanurmasam

Apart from making all arrangements for the smooth running of rituals, TTD takes pride in propagating Tiruppavai. Last year upanyasams (lectures) were given in Pedda Jeeyar Mutt during Dhanurmasam.

Those who worship with devotion during Dhanurmasam will get the choicest Blessings of the Lord obtaining peace and prosperity in the life after.

Namo Sri Venkatesaya