Rangoli
Rangoli/kolam known as Rangavalli in Sanskrit, is an enchanting form of visual communication through symmetrical designs since ancient times. Rangoli is an ancient art that combines dots with curved lines to form a design in harmony. Symbolic expressions are in existence in every culture and take precedence at many ceremonies.
In Hindu culture, Rangoli has spiritual and scientific significance and all festivals are incomplete without these beautiful and colourful patterns.
Rangolis are believed to add beauty to the dwelling place and bring peace and prosperity to the inhabitants. Rangoli with its symmetry represents order, pattern, harmony and serenity. Symmetry is inherent, hence Rangoli is a manifestation of natural charm and grace.
All natural crystals have stunning symmetry. Because of their innate symmetry, crystals are known for their beautiful appearance and sacred vibrations. According to the science of symmetry and neuroscience, there is an intimate connection between symmetry and the human brain.
The symmetry of Rangavalli and its symbols form visual vibrations that the brain perceives immediately. The response of brain centres to the visual vibrations is tested and established by using MRI. The visual vibrations from a rangoli induce a pleasant sensation in the brain making the mind quiet.
The fingertips of humans are neurologically connected to the brain. Rangolis are geometrically balanced designs and drawing them involves brain activity. To draw a rangoli with a symmetrical pattern, one must use both the right and the left parts of the brain and simultaneously run the coarse powder through the fingertips of the thumb and index fingers which together activate the nerve centres in the brain.
Generally, women wake up early in the morning and draw these beautiful rangolis in front of the house and hence remain active and peaceful throughout the day.
Rangoli is also spiritually significant as it invokes divine power. The instances of drawing rangoli are also mentioned in the epics of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavatha to express joy and happiness. Rangoli is given immense prominence, especially in the month of Margashira.
It is auspicious for unmarried girls to wake up early in the morning during the month of Margashira and draw rangoli with beautiful and colourful designs with a wish to get fruitful rewards, especially good companions. A good rangoli design with a nice pattern is a symbol of Goddess Lakshmi.
Rangoli patterns are usually drawn with rice flour or coarse rice powder. Hence, they serve as food for insects and birds, and they send a beautiful message that we should care for other living beings on earth (Bhutha Yagna).
Women usually come together to draw bigger rangoli designs during the Sankranti festival, strengthening the cultural and social bonds among women. It is said that putting Rangoli in front of the houses is that the Goddess of wealth and prosperity is pleased.
Muggu
Muggu in Telugu, also known as Rangoli or Kolam in different regions of India, is a traditional art form that involves creating intricate patterns on the ground, typically at the entrance of a home. This vibrant practice is not merely decorative but holds deep cultural significance, representing prosperity and auspiciousness, and for the welcome of deities.
Origin of Rangoli / Muggu
The term ‘muggu’ originates from the Telugu language, while ‘Rangoli’ is prevalent in the Northern and Western parts of India, and ‘Kolam’ is used in Tamil Nadu. Each name refers to similar artistic expressions involving colourful designs made of rice flour, coloured powders and flower petals.
Cultural Significance
Muggu is particularly prominent during festivals and auspicious occasions. It is believed that the designs invite prosperity and good fortune into homes. During festivals like Pongal, Diwali, and Makar Sankranti, elaborate ‘muggu’ patterns are created to honour deities and mark the festive spirit. The practice of creating ‘muggu’ is often a communal activity. Families gather to design these patterns, fostering unity and collaboration.
This shared activity not only strengthens familial bonds but also serves as a medium for cultural transmission across generations. Particularly the girls of the family carry forward the patterns as an ancestral blessing, and this has come down through generations.
Techniques and Materials
Basic Techniques
Creating a ‘muggu’ requires skill and precision. The basic technique involves the following steps: Preparation of the Surface: A clean and flat surface is essential. It will be smoothened with cow dung. This is forgotten in most places now. Many practitioners use rice flour, which is often preferred due to its eco-friendliness and its role in feeding ants and other small creatures. Designing: The patterns can range from simple geometric shapes to complex floral designs.
Many designs are created by using a method called ‘dot-to-dot,’ where dots are strategically placed and connected to form intricate patterns. Colouring: Coloured powders made from natural materials like turmeric, ‘kumkum’, or synthetic colours are used to fill the designs. Each colour carries a specific meaning.
For example, red symbolizes prosperity, while white represents purity.
Seasonal Variations
The themes and designs of ‘muggu’ can vary by season and festival. For instance, during the monsoon, designs often reflect nature with motifs like flowers and animals, while during Diwali, designs may include lamps and fireworks and during Sankranthi the chariots, Pongal pots and the Sun.
Rangoli and Pookolam – Regional Variations
Rangoli
Rangoli is predominantly practised in North and West India, where it is often elaborately designed for festivals. The use of bright colours and patterns that reflect local culture and traditions distinguishes it from ‘muggu.’
Pookolam
In Kerala, Pookolam is a variation that specifically incorporates flower petals into the designs. This form is particularly popular during Onam, where vibrant flower arrangements are crafted to welcome deities and celebrate the harvest season.
Contemporary Relevance
While rooted in tradition, ‘muggu’ has evolved to reflect contemporary themes. Today, artists may integrate modern elements such as geometric patterns or abstract designs, expanding the boundaries of this age-old practice. Social media platforms have also played a significant role in popularizing ‘muggu’, with artists showcasing their work and inspiring others globally.
‘Muggu’ is more than an art form. It encapsulates a rich cultural heritage that transcends time. Its practice fosters community spirit, promotes creativity and serves as a medium for spiritual expression. As it continues to evolve, ‘muggu’ remains a vital part of India’s cultural identity, bridging the past with the present and ensuring that future generations can appreciate this vibrant tradition.
This exploration of ‘muggu’ reveals its importance not just as an aesthetic practice but as a vital expression of community, spirituality, and cultural continuity.
The Sri Chakra
According to scientists, triangles are more powerful than straight lines, while a straight line is more powerful than just the dots. All of the ‘Tantras’ that had been practised in Kerala up to that point of receiving the Sri Chakra from Sri Shankara Bhagavathpada, used mere triangles and lines. The Sri Chakra has seventy-two triangles. There are interminable pauses and intersections of the triangles that multiply the powers enormously.
When the triangles are in opposition to one another, the ‘Kundalini’ energy arises. It is not preferable to ride such a strong one at the gate. So it is rather toned down to a star-shaped ‘kolam.’ At the top and bottom are two triangles in reversed directions. Sahasraram is the middle point among the three. It is represented by a dot. That is considered the middle point.
In winter, a lot of insects emerge from the ground. Through the window, they enter the house. It is essential to use ‘muggu’/ ‘kolam’ to prevent these warts from entering the house
